Diagnóstico de fracturas verticales en raíces de dientes posteriores vitales y tratados endodonticamente, basados en parámetros tomográficos radiológicos y clínicos: revisión sistemática. Diagnosis of vertical root fractures in endodontically and nonendodontically treated posterior teeth, based in clinical, radiologic and tomographic parameters: a systematic review.
Barra lateral del artículo
Publicado:
nov 13, 2018
Palabras clave:
Revisión sistemática, síndrome de diente fisurado, fractura de diente, diente endodónticamente tratado
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
RESUMEN
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar una búsqueda sistemática y evaluación de la literatura existente en el diagnóstico de síntomas clínicos, índices radiográficos y tomográficos de fracturas radiculares verticales en dientes posteriores vitales y tratados endodonticamente. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica y un criterio de inclusión estricta en las bases de datos de Pubmed y Scielo (español y portugués), desde el año 1980 hasta 2016 se identificaron los estudios clínicos, radiográficos y tomográficos relevantes que evaluaron el diagnóstico de fracturas verticales en dientes posteriores. Fueron encontrados 730 artículos, luego de descartarse algunos de estos estudios, se seleccionaron 50, y ninguno de estos artículos alcanzó los criterios de inclusión para realizar una revisión completa del artículo. Con base en los resultados de esta revisión sistemática, no hay evidencia sustancial para un diagnóstico preciso de los dientes vitales y tratados endodónticamente.
PALABRAS CLAVES: Revisión sistemática, síndrome de diente fisurado, fractura de diente, diente endodónticamente tratado
Abstract
The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic search and evaluation of existing literature in the diagnosis of clinical symptoms, radiographic and tomographic indexes of vertical root fractures in vital posterior teeth and endodontically treated teeth. A bibliographic search and strict inclusion criteria were carried out in the Pubmed and Scielo databases (Spanish and Portuguese), from 1980 to 2016 we found 730 studies that evaluated the diagnosis of vertical fractures in posterior teeth, the articles found describe clinical, radiographic and tomographic studies. After discarding some of the studies, 50 were selected,
and none of these articles met the inclusion criteria for a complete review of the article. Based on the results of this systematic review, there is no substantial evidence for an accurate diagnosis of vital and endodontically treated teeth.
Keywords: Systematic review, cracked teeth, vertical root fracture, endodontically-treated teeth.
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Detalles del artículo
Cómo citar
1.
Rosas Cisneros HL, Rosas Rozas. HA. Diagnóstico de fracturas verticales en raíces de dientes posteriores vitales y tratados endodonticamente, basados en parámetros tomográficos radiológicos y clínicos: revisión sistemática.: Diagnosis of vertical root fractures in endodontically and nonendodontically treated posterior teeth, based in clinical, radiologic and tomographic parameters: a systematic review. Rev Sal And. [Internet]. 13 de noviembre de 2018 [citado 26 de diciembre de 2024];1(1):8-17. Disponible en: https://revistas.uandina.edu.pe:443/index.php/Salud-Andina/article/view/15
Número
Sección
Revisión
Citas
1. Cohen S, Blanco L, Berman L. Vertical root fractures Clinical and radiographic diagnosis. J Am Assoc. 2003;134(4):434–41.
2. Walton RE, Michelich RJ, Smith GN. The histopathogenesis of vertical root fractures. J Endod. 1984;10(2):48–56.
3. Meister F, Lommel TJ, Gerstein H. Diagnosis and possible causes of vertical root fractures. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1980;49(3):243–53.
4. Harvey TE, White JT, Leeb IJ. Lateral condensation stress in root canals. J Endod. 1981;7(4):151–5.
5. Onnink P a, Davis RD, Wayman BE. An in vitro comparison of incomplete root fractures associated with three obturation techniques. J Endod. 1994;20(1):32–7.
6. Qiao F, Chen M, Hu X, Niu K, Zhang X, Li Y, et al. Cracked Teeth and Poor Oral Masticatory Habits: A Matched Case-control Study in China. J Endod. 2017;1–5.
7. Roh BD, Lee YE. Analysis of 154 cases of teeth with cracks. Dent Traumatol. 2006;22(3):118–23.
8. Fuss Z, Lustig J, Tamse A. Prevalence of vertical root fractures in extracted endodontically treated teeth. Int Endod J. 1999;32(4):283–6.
9. Yoshino K, Ito K, Kuroda M, Sugihara N. Prevalence of vertical root fracture as the reason for tooth extraction in dental clinics. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(6):1405–9.
10. Fayad MI, Nair M, Levin MD, Benavides E, Rubinstein RA, Barghan S, et al. AAE and AAOMR Joint Position Statement: Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontics 2015 Update. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2015;120(4):508–12.
11. Neelakantan P, Subbarao C, Subbarao C V. Comparative evaluation of modified canal staining and clearing technique, cone-beam computed tomography, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, spiral computed tomography, and plain and contrast mediumenhanced digital radiography in studying root c.
J Endod. 2010;36(9):1547–51.
12. Hassan B, Metska ME, Ozok AR, van der Stelt P, Wesselink PR. Comparison of Five Cone Beam Computed Tomography Systems for the Detection of Vertical Root Fractures. J Endod. 2010;36(1):126–9.
13. Melo SLS, Bortoluzzi EA, Abreu M, Corrêa LR, Corrêa M. Diagnostic ability of a cone-beam computed tomography scan to assess longitudinal root fractures in prosthetically treated teeth. J Endod. 2010;36(11):1879–82.
14. Fuss Z, Lustig J, Katz A, Tamse A. An evaluation of endodontically treated vertical root fractured teeth: impact of operative procedures. J Endod. 2001;27(1):46–8.
15. Hasan S, Singh K, Salati N. Cracked tooth syndrome: Overview of literature. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2015;5(3):164–8.
16. Alonso, A.A. et A. Cap 14. Oclusion mutuamente compartida. In: Oclusion y Diagnostico en Rehabilitacion oral. 2004. p. 389–410.
17. Sutherland SE, Matthews DC. Conducting systematic reviews and creating clinical practice guidelines in dentistry: lessons learned. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135(6):747–53.
18. Gutmann JL, Solomon E. Evidence - Based /Guest Editorial. J Endod. 2009;35(8):1093.
19. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA G. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The
PRISMA Statement. Int J Surg. 2010;8(5):336– 41.
20. Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, Boers M, Andersson N, Hamel C, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007;7(10):1–7.
21. Yaylali IE, Alaçam T. Critical Assessment of Search Strategies in Systematic Reviews in Endodontics. J Endod. 2016;42(6):854–60.
22. Bossuyt PM, Leeflang MM. Chapter 6:DEveloping criteria for including studies. In: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. 2008.
23. Khan KS, Kunz R, Kleijnen J, Antes G. Five steps to conducting a systematic review. J R Soc Med. 2003;96:118–21.
24. Gao X, Xu W. [Analysis of vertical root fracture with two different techniques of root canal preparation]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2012;21(3):321–4.
25. Dai L, Tong W, Guo J. [The role of occlusal factors in the occurrence of vertical root fracture]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2013;22(1):68–71.
26. Rapisarda E, Tarantello M, Pappalardo S. [The vertical root fracture]. Minerva Stomatol. 2001;50(1–2):31–40.
27. Cohen S, Berman LH, Blanco L, Bakland L, Kim JS. A Demographic Analysis of Vertical Root Fractures. J Endod. 2006;32(12):1160–3.
28. Malhotra N, Kundabala M, Acharaya S. A review of root fractures: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Dent Update. 2011;38(9):615–6, 619– 20, 623–4 passim.
29. Touré B, Boucher Y. Acute apical periodontitis and vertical root fracture of the same tooth: a case report. J Oral Sci. 2013;55(2):187–90.
30. Meister F, Lommel TJ., Gerstein H, Bell WA. An additional clinic observation in two cases of vertical root fracture. Oral Surg. 1981;52(1):91– 6.
31. Baageel T, Allah E, Bakalka GT, Jadu F, Yamany I, Jan AM, et al. Vertical root fracture: Biological effects and accuracy of diagnostic imaging methods. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2016;6(2):93–104.
32. Lin LM, Langeland K. Vertical root fracture. J Endod. 1982;8(12):558–62.
33. Rhodus NL. An unusual vertical root fracture. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991;71(3):376.
34. Wang P, Su L. Clinical observation in 2 representative cases of vertical root fracture in nonendodontically treated teeth. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology. 2009;107(4):e39–42.
35. Chavda R, Mannocci F, Andiappan M, Patel S. Comparing the in vivo diagnostic accuracy of digital periapical radiography with cone-beam computed tomography for the detection of vertical root fracture. J Endod. 2014;40(10):1524–9.
36. Sugaya T, Nakatsuka M, Inoue K, Tanaka S, Miyaji H, Sakagami R, et al. Comparison of fracture sites and post lengths in longitudinal root fractures. J Endod. 2015;41(2):159–63.
37. Chang E, Lam E, Shah P, Azarpazhooh A. Conebeam Computed Tomography for Detecting Vertical Root Fractures in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Systematic Review. J Endod. 2016;42(2):177–85.
38. Mamoun JS, Napoletano D. Cracked tooth diagnosis and treatment: An alternative paradigm. Eur J Dent. 2015;9(2):293–303.
39. Youssefzadeh S, Gahleitner A, Dorffner R, Bernhart T, Kainberger FM. Dental vertical root fractures: value of CT in detection. Radiology. 1999;210(2):545–9.
40. Tang L, Zhou X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zheng Q, Huang D. Detection of vertical root fracture using cone beam computed tomography: report of two cases. Dent Traumatol. 2011;27(6):484–8.
41. Edlund M, Nair MK, Nair UP. Detection of vertical root fractures by using cone-beam computed tomography: A clinical study. J Endod. 2011;37(6):768–72.
42. Wang P, He W, Sun H, Lu Q, Ni L. Detection of vertical root fractures in non-endodontically treated molars using cone-beam computed tomography: A report of four representative cases. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28(4):329–33.
43. Metska ME, Aartman IHA, Wesselink PR, Özok
AR. Detection of vertical root fractures in vivo in endodontically treated teeth by cone-beam computed tomography scans. J Endod. 2012;38(10):1344–7.
44. Moule a J, Kahler B. Diagnosis and management of teeth with vertical root fractures. A ust Dent J. 1999;44(2):75–87.
45. Yiit Özer S, Ünlü G, Deer Y. Diagnosis and treatment of endodontically treated teeth with vertical root fracture: Three case reports with two-year follow-up. J Endod. 2011;37(1):97– 102.
46. Miyagaki DC, Marion J, Randi Ferraz CC. Diagnosis of vertical root fracture with conebeam computerized tomography in endodontically treated teeth: Three case reports. Iran Endod J. 2013;8(2):75–9.
47. Tsesis I, Rosen E, Tamse A, Taschieri S, Kfir A. Diagnosis of Vertical Root Fractures in Endodontically Treated Teeth Based on Clinical and Radiographic Indices : A Systematic Review. J Endod. 2010;36(9):1455–8.
48. PradeepKumar AR, Shemesh H, Jothilatha S, Vijayabharathi R, Jayalakshmi S, Kishen A. Diagnosis of Vertical Root Fractures in Restored Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Timedependent Retrospective Cohort Study. J Endod. 2016;42(8):1175–80.
49. Fayad MI, Ashkenaz PJ, Johnson BR. Different representations of vertical root fractures detected by cone-beam volumetric tomography: A case series report. J Endod. 2012;38(10):1435–42.
50. Komatsu K, Abe Y, Yoshioka T, Ishimura H, Ebihara A, Suda H. Differential diagnosis of vertical root fractures using reconstructed threedimensional models of bone defects. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 2014;43(8):1–9.
51. Eskandarloo A, Asl AM, Jalalzadeh M, Tayari M, Hosseinipanah M, Fardmal J, et al. Effect of time lapse on the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography for detection of vertical root fractures. Braz Dent J. 2016;27(1):16–21.
52. Okitsu M, Takahashi H, Yoshioka T, Iwasaki N, Suda H. Effective factors including periodontal ligament on vertical root fractures. Dent Mater J. 2005;24(1):66–9.
53. Bhaskar U, Logani A, Shah N. True vertical tooth root fracture: Case report and review. Contemp Clin Dent. 2011;2(3):265–8.
54. Rosen E, Beitlitum I, Tamse A, Taschieri S, Tsesis I. Implant-associated Vertical Root Fracture in Adjacent Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Case Series and Systematic Review. J Endod. 2016;42(6):948–52.
55. Ramachandra SS, Hans MK, Shetty SB. Vertical root fracture - a diagnostic dilemma. Dent Update. 2010;35(5):338.
56. Rosen E, Tsesis I, Tamse A, Bjørndal L, Taschieri S, Givol N. Medico-legal aspects of vertical root fractures in root filled teeth. Int Endod J. 2012;45(1):7–11.
57. Barkhordar RA, Kempler D, Knapp J.Mesiodistal root fracture. Three case reports. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1988;65(3):343–8.
58. Hoen MM, Downs RH, LaBounty GL, Nespeca JA. Osteomyelitis of the maxilla with associated vertical root fracture and Pseudomonas infection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1988;66(4):494–8.
59. Nicopoulou-Karayianni K, Bragger U, Lang NP. Patterns of periodontal destruction associated with incomplete root fractures. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 1997;26(6):321–6.
60. Gao YJ, Yin XM, Wu HJ. Relationship between vertical root fracture and the habits of chewing betel nut. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2001;26(2):161–2.
61. Matusow RJ. Resolution of fused vertical molar root bridge abutment fracture: report of case. J Am Dent Assoc. 1988;116(6):658–60.
62. Huang J-S. Vertical root fracture. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1993;76(1):129–30.
63. Zou X, Liu D, Yue L, Wu M. The ability of cone-beam computerized tomography to detect vertical root fractures in endodontically treated and nonendodontically treated teeth: A report of 3 cases. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology. 2011;111(6):797–801.
64. Thomas G. The diagnosis and treatment of the cracked tooth syndrome . Aust Prosthodont J. 1989;3:63–7.
65. Quieroz Freitas P, Santos Rabelo Jr PM, Coelho Alves CM, Carvaho Souza S de F. The diagnostic challenge of vertical root fracture in endodontically treated teeth A case report. Rev Odonto Cienc. 2012;27(1):82–6.
66. Chen Q, Zhang X. The value of cone beam computed tomography in detecting suspicious vertical root fractures of molars on periapical radiographs. Chinese J Stomatol. 2014;49(9):513–6.
67. Hannig C, Dullin C, Hülsmann M, Heidrich G. Three-dimensional, non-destructive visualization of vertical root fractures using flat panel volume detector computer tomography: An ex vivo in vitro case report. Int Endod J. 2005;38(12):904– 13.
68. Llena-Puy MAC, Forner-Navarro L, Barbero-Navarro I. Vertical root fracture in endodontically treated teeth: A review of 25 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92(5):553–5.
69. Chan CP, Lin CP, Tseng SC, Jeng JH. Vertical root fracture in endodontically versus nonendodontically treated teeth: a survey of 315 cases in Chinese patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;87(4):504–7.
70. Yang SF, Rivera EM, Walton RE. Vertical root fracture in nonendodontically treated teeth. J Endod. 1995;21(6):337–9.
71. Haueisen H, Gärtner K, Kaiser L, Trohorsch D, Heidemann D. Vertical root fracture: prevalence, etiology, and diagnosis. Quintessence Int. 2013;44(7):467–74.
72. Rajan RM, Kandasamy D, Kumar PS. Vertical tooth fracture: reunion with a miniature lag screw. N Y State Dent J. 2009;75(4):44–6.
73. TÜRP JC, GOBETTI JP. The Cracked Tooth Syndrome: an Elusive Diagnosis. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996;127(10):1502–7.
74. Banerji S, Mehta SB, Millar BJ. Cracked tooth syndrome. Part 1: aetiology and diagnosis. Br Dent J. 2010;208(10):459–63.
75. Geurtsen W, Schwarze T, Günay H. Diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of the cracked tooth syndrome. Quintessence Int. 2003;34(6):409–17.
76. Greenhalgh T, Peacock R. Effectiveness and efficiency of search methods in systematic reviews of complex evidence: audit of primary sources. BMJ. 2005;331(7524):1064–5.
77. Suebnukarn S, Ngamboonsirisingh S, Rattanabanlang A. A Systematic Evaluation of the Quality of Meta-analyses in Endodontics. J Endod. 2010;36(4):602–8.
78. Whiting P, Westwood M, Burke M, Sterne J, Glanville J. Systematic reviews of test accuracy should search a range of databases to identify primary studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(4).
79. Mileman PA, Van Den Hout WB. Evidencebased diagnosis and clinical decision making. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 2009;38(1):1–10.
80. Touré B, Faye B, Kane AW, Lo CM, Niang B, Boucher Y. Analysis of reasons for extraction of endodontically treated teeth: A prospective study. J Endod. 2011;37(11):1512–5.
81. Liao W-C, Tsai Y-L, Wang C-Y, Chang M-C, Huang W-L, Lin H-J, et al. Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics of Vertical Root Fractures in Endodontically and
Nonendodontically Treated Teeth. J Endod. 2017;1–7.
82. Pedullà E, Genovesi F, Rapisarda S, La Rosa GRM, Grande NM, Plotino G, et al. Effects of 6 Single-File Systems on Dentinal Crack Formation. J Endod. 2017;43(3):456–61.
83. Bier CAS, Shemesh H, Tanomaru-Filho M, Wesselink PR, Wu MK. The Ability of Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments To Induce Dentinal Damage During Canal Preparation. J Endod. 2009;35(2):236–8.
84. Reeh ES, Messer HH, Douglas WH. Reduction in tooth stiffness as a result of endodontic and restorative procedures. J Endod. 1989;15(11):512–6.
85. Kansal R, Rajput A, Talwar S, Roongta R, Verma M. Assessment of dentinal damage during canal preparation using reciprocating and rotary files. J Endod. 2014;40(9):1443–6.
86. Shemesh H, Roeleveld AC, Wesselink PR, Wu MK. Damage to root dentin during retreatment procedures. J Endod. 2011;37(1):63–6.
87. Dane A, Capar ID, Arslan H, Akçay M, Uysal B. Effect of Different Torque Settings on Crack Formation in Root Dentin. J Endod. 2016;42(2):304–6.
88. Gergi RM, Osta NE, Naaman AS. Dentinal crack formation during root canal preparations by the twisted file adaptive, Reciproc and WaveOne instruments. Eur J Dent. 2015;9(4):508–12.
89. Zhou X, Jiang S, Wang X, Wang S, Zhu X, Zhang C. Comparison of dentinal and apical crack formation caused by four different nickeltitanium rotary and reciprocating systems in large and small canals. Dent Mater J. 2015;34(6):903–9.
90. de Oliveira BP, Câmara AC, Duarte DA, Heck RJ, Antonino ACD, Aguiar CM. Micro– computed Tomographic Analysis of Apical Microcracks before and after Root Canal Preparation by Hand, Rotary, and Reciprocating Instruments at Different Working Lengths. J Endod. 2017;1–5.
91. Perez F, Rouqueyrol-Pourcel N. Effect of a lowconcentration EDTA solution on root canal walls: A scanning electron microscopic study. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology. 2005;99(3):383–7.
92. Mai S, Kim YK, Arola DD, Gu L sha, Kim JR, Pashley DH, et al. Differential aggressiveness of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid in causing canal wall erosion in the presence of sodium hypochlorite. J Dent. 2010;38(3):201–6.
93. Simezo AP, da Silveira Bueno CE, Cunha RS, Pelegrine RA, Rocha DGP, de Martin AS, et al. Comparative Analysis of Dentinal Erosion after
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation versus Irrigation with Reciprocating Activation: An Environmental Scanning Electron Study. J Endod. 2016;43(1):141–6.
94. Marending M, Paqué F, Fischer J, Zehnder M. Impact of Irrigant Sequence on Mechanical Properties of Human Root Dentin. J Endod. 2007;33(11):1325–8.
95. Zhang K, Kim YK, Cadenaro M, Bryan TE, Sidow SJ, Loushine RJ, et al. Effects of Different Exposure Times and Concentrations of Sodium
Hypochlorite/Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on the Structural Integrity of Mineralized Dentin. J Endod. 2010;36(1):105–9.
96. Uzunoglu E, Aktemur S, Uyanik MO, Durmaz V, Nagas E. Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on root fracture with respect to concentration at different time exposures. J Endod. 2012;38(8):1110–3.
97. Madarati AA, Qualtrough AJE, Watts DC. Vertical fracture resistance of roots after ultrasonic removal of fractured instruments. Int Endod J. 2010;43(5):424–9.
98. Soares P V., Santos-Filho PCF, Queiroz EC, Araújo TC, Campos RE, Araújo CA, et al. Fracture resistance and stress distribution in endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with composite resin. J Prosthodont. 2008;17(2):114–9.
99. Awawdeh L, Hemaidat K, Al-Omari W. Higher Maximal Occlusal Bite Force in Endodontically Treated Teeth Versus Vital Contralateral Counterparts. J Endod. 2017;1–5.
100. Barani A, Bush MB, Lawn BR. Role of multiple cusps in tooth fracture. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2014;35:85–92.
101. Lawn BR, Bush MB, Barani A, Constantino PJ, Wroe S. Inferring biological evolution from fracture patterns in teeth. J Theor Biol. 2013;338:59–65.
102. Chai H. On crack growth in molar teeth from contact on the inclined occlusal surface. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2015;44:76–84.
103. Safari A, Jowkar Z, Farzin M. Evaluation of the relationship between bruxism and premature occlusal contacts. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013;14(4):616–21.
104. Ehrmann EH, Tyas MJ. Cracked tooth syndrome: diagnosis, treatment and correlation between symptoms and post-extraction findings. Aust Dent J. 1990;35(2):105–12.
105. Signore A, Benedicenti S, Covani U, Ravera G. A 4- to 6-year retrospective clinical study of cracked teeth restored with bonded indirect resin
composite onlays. Int J Prosthodont. 2007;20(6):609–16.
106. Quintessence S, May I, Issue V. Restoration of a cracked tooth with a bonded amalgam . 2017;22(5):38714089.
107. Griffin JD. Efficient, conservative treatment of symptomatic cracked teeth. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2006;27(2):93-102, 112.
108. Homewood CI. Cracked tooth syndrome-incidence, clinical findings and treatment. Aust Dent J. 1998;43(4):217–22.
109. Liu HH, Sidhu SK. Cracked Teeth — Treatment Rationale and Case Management: Case Reports. Quintessence Int Oper Dent. 1995;26(7):485–92.
110. Chai H, Tamse A. Fracture mechanics analysis of vertical root fracture from condensation of gutta-percha. J Biomech. 2012;45(9):1673–8.
111. Takeuchi N, Yamamoto T, Tomofuji T, Murakami C. A retrospective study on the prognosis of teeth with root fracture in patients during the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. Dent Traumatol. 2009;25(3):332–7.
112. Dutra KL, Pachêco-Pereira C, Bortoluzzi EA, Flores-Mir C, Lagravère MO, Corrêa M. Influence of Intracanal Materials in Vertical Root Fracture Pathway Detection with Conebeam Computed Tomography. J Endod. 2017;1–6.
113. de Oliveira BP, Câmara AC, Duarte DA, Gomes ASL, Heck RJ, Antonino ACD, et al. Detection of Apical Root Cracks Using Spectral Domain and Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography. J Endod. 2017;1–4.
2. Walton RE, Michelich RJ, Smith GN. The histopathogenesis of vertical root fractures. J Endod. 1984;10(2):48–56.
3. Meister F, Lommel TJ, Gerstein H. Diagnosis and possible causes of vertical root fractures. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1980;49(3):243–53.
4. Harvey TE, White JT, Leeb IJ. Lateral condensation stress in root canals. J Endod. 1981;7(4):151–5.
5. Onnink P a, Davis RD, Wayman BE. An in vitro comparison of incomplete root fractures associated with three obturation techniques. J Endod. 1994;20(1):32–7.
6. Qiao F, Chen M, Hu X, Niu K, Zhang X, Li Y, et al. Cracked Teeth and Poor Oral Masticatory Habits: A Matched Case-control Study in China. J Endod. 2017;1–5.
7. Roh BD, Lee YE. Analysis of 154 cases of teeth with cracks. Dent Traumatol. 2006;22(3):118–23.
8. Fuss Z, Lustig J, Tamse A. Prevalence of vertical root fractures in extracted endodontically treated teeth. Int Endod J. 1999;32(4):283–6.
9. Yoshino K, Ito K, Kuroda M, Sugihara N. Prevalence of vertical root fracture as the reason for tooth extraction in dental clinics. Clin Oral Investig. 2015;19(6):1405–9.
10. Fayad MI, Nair M, Levin MD, Benavides E, Rubinstein RA, Barghan S, et al. AAE and AAOMR Joint Position Statement: Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontics 2015 Update. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2015;120(4):508–12.
11. Neelakantan P, Subbarao C, Subbarao C V. Comparative evaluation of modified canal staining and clearing technique, cone-beam computed tomography, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, spiral computed tomography, and plain and contrast mediumenhanced digital radiography in studying root c.
J Endod. 2010;36(9):1547–51.
12. Hassan B, Metska ME, Ozok AR, van der Stelt P, Wesselink PR. Comparison of Five Cone Beam Computed Tomography Systems for the Detection of Vertical Root Fractures. J Endod. 2010;36(1):126–9.
13. Melo SLS, Bortoluzzi EA, Abreu M, Corrêa LR, Corrêa M. Diagnostic ability of a cone-beam computed tomography scan to assess longitudinal root fractures in prosthetically treated teeth. J Endod. 2010;36(11):1879–82.
14. Fuss Z, Lustig J, Katz A, Tamse A. An evaluation of endodontically treated vertical root fractured teeth: impact of operative procedures. J Endod. 2001;27(1):46–8.
15. Hasan S, Singh K, Salati N. Cracked tooth syndrome: Overview of literature. Int J Appl Basic Med Res. 2015;5(3):164–8.
16. Alonso, A.A. et A. Cap 14. Oclusion mutuamente compartida. In: Oclusion y Diagnostico en Rehabilitacion oral. 2004. p. 389–410.
17. Sutherland SE, Matthews DC. Conducting systematic reviews and creating clinical practice guidelines in dentistry: lessons learned. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135(6):747–53.
18. Gutmann JL, Solomon E. Evidence - Based /Guest Editorial. J Endod. 2009;35(8):1093.
19. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA G. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The
PRISMA Statement. Int J Surg. 2010;8(5):336– 41.
20. Shea BJ, Grimshaw JM, Wells GA, Boers M, Andersson N, Hamel C, et al. Development of AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2007;7(10):1–7.
21. Yaylali IE, Alaçam T. Critical Assessment of Search Strategies in Systematic Reviews in Endodontics. J Endod. 2016;42(6):854–60.
22. Bossuyt PM, Leeflang MM. Chapter 6:DEveloping criteria for including studies. In: Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy. 2008.
23. Khan KS, Kunz R, Kleijnen J, Antes G. Five steps to conducting a systematic review. J R Soc Med. 2003;96:118–21.
24. Gao X, Xu W. [Analysis of vertical root fracture with two different techniques of root canal preparation]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2012;21(3):321–4.
25. Dai L, Tong W, Guo J. [The role of occlusal factors in the occurrence of vertical root fracture]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2013;22(1):68–71.
26. Rapisarda E, Tarantello M, Pappalardo S. [The vertical root fracture]. Minerva Stomatol. 2001;50(1–2):31–40.
27. Cohen S, Berman LH, Blanco L, Bakland L, Kim JS. A Demographic Analysis of Vertical Root Fractures. J Endod. 2006;32(12):1160–3.
28. Malhotra N, Kundabala M, Acharaya S. A review of root fractures: diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Dent Update. 2011;38(9):615–6, 619– 20, 623–4 passim.
29. Touré B, Boucher Y. Acute apical periodontitis and vertical root fracture of the same tooth: a case report. J Oral Sci. 2013;55(2):187–90.
30. Meister F, Lommel TJ., Gerstein H, Bell WA. An additional clinic observation in two cases of vertical root fracture. Oral Surg. 1981;52(1):91– 6.
31. Baageel T, Allah E, Bakalka GT, Jadu F, Yamany I, Jan AM, et al. Vertical root fracture: Biological effects and accuracy of diagnostic imaging methods. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2016;6(2):93–104.
32. Lin LM, Langeland K. Vertical root fracture. J Endod. 1982;8(12):558–62.
33. Rhodus NL. An unusual vertical root fracture. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991;71(3):376.
34. Wang P, Su L. Clinical observation in 2 representative cases of vertical root fracture in nonendodontically treated teeth. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology. 2009;107(4):e39–42.
35. Chavda R, Mannocci F, Andiappan M, Patel S. Comparing the in vivo diagnostic accuracy of digital periapical radiography with cone-beam computed tomography for the detection of vertical root fracture. J Endod. 2014;40(10):1524–9.
36. Sugaya T, Nakatsuka M, Inoue K, Tanaka S, Miyaji H, Sakagami R, et al. Comparison of fracture sites and post lengths in longitudinal root fractures. J Endod. 2015;41(2):159–63.
37. Chang E, Lam E, Shah P, Azarpazhooh A. Conebeam Computed Tomography for Detecting Vertical Root Fractures in Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Systematic Review. J Endod. 2016;42(2):177–85.
38. Mamoun JS, Napoletano D. Cracked tooth diagnosis and treatment: An alternative paradigm. Eur J Dent. 2015;9(2):293–303.
39. Youssefzadeh S, Gahleitner A, Dorffner R, Bernhart T, Kainberger FM. Dental vertical root fractures: value of CT in detection. Radiology. 1999;210(2):545–9.
40. Tang L, Zhou X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zheng Q, Huang D. Detection of vertical root fracture using cone beam computed tomography: report of two cases. Dent Traumatol. 2011;27(6):484–8.
41. Edlund M, Nair MK, Nair UP. Detection of vertical root fractures by using cone-beam computed tomography: A clinical study. J Endod. 2011;37(6):768–72.
42. Wang P, He W, Sun H, Lu Q, Ni L. Detection of vertical root fractures in non-endodontically treated molars using cone-beam computed tomography: A report of four representative cases. Dent Traumatol. 2012;28(4):329–33.
43. Metska ME, Aartman IHA, Wesselink PR, Özok
AR. Detection of vertical root fractures in vivo in endodontically treated teeth by cone-beam computed tomography scans. J Endod. 2012;38(10):1344–7.
44. Moule a J, Kahler B. Diagnosis and management of teeth with vertical root fractures. A ust Dent J. 1999;44(2):75–87.
45. Yiit Özer S, Ünlü G, Deer Y. Diagnosis and treatment of endodontically treated teeth with vertical root fracture: Three case reports with two-year follow-up. J Endod. 2011;37(1):97– 102.
46. Miyagaki DC, Marion J, Randi Ferraz CC. Diagnosis of vertical root fracture with conebeam computerized tomography in endodontically treated teeth: Three case reports. Iran Endod J. 2013;8(2):75–9.
47. Tsesis I, Rosen E, Tamse A, Taschieri S, Kfir A. Diagnosis of Vertical Root Fractures in Endodontically Treated Teeth Based on Clinical and Radiographic Indices : A Systematic Review. J Endod. 2010;36(9):1455–8.
48. PradeepKumar AR, Shemesh H, Jothilatha S, Vijayabharathi R, Jayalakshmi S, Kishen A. Diagnosis of Vertical Root Fractures in Restored Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Timedependent Retrospective Cohort Study. J Endod. 2016;42(8):1175–80.
49. Fayad MI, Ashkenaz PJ, Johnson BR. Different representations of vertical root fractures detected by cone-beam volumetric tomography: A case series report. J Endod. 2012;38(10):1435–42.
50. Komatsu K, Abe Y, Yoshioka T, Ishimura H, Ebihara A, Suda H. Differential diagnosis of vertical root fractures using reconstructed threedimensional models of bone defects. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 2014;43(8):1–9.
51. Eskandarloo A, Asl AM, Jalalzadeh M, Tayari M, Hosseinipanah M, Fardmal J, et al. Effect of time lapse on the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography for detection of vertical root fractures. Braz Dent J. 2016;27(1):16–21.
52. Okitsu M, Takahashi H, Yoshioka T, Iwasaki N, Suda H. Effective factors including periodontal ligament on vertical root fractures. Dent Mater J. 2005;24(1):66–9.
53. Bhaskar U, Logani A, Shah N. True vertical tooth root fracture: Case report and review. Contemp Clin Dent. 2011;2(3):265–8.
54. Rosen E, Beitlitum I, Tamse A, Taschieri S, Tsesis I. Implant-associated Vertical Root Fracture in Adjacent Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Case Series and Systematic Review. J Endod. 2016;42(6):948–52.
55. Ramachandra SS, Hans MK, Shetty SB. Vertical root fracture - a diagnostic dilemma. Dent Update. 2010;35(5):338.
56. Rosen E, Tsesis I, Tamse A, Bjørndal L, Taschieri S, Givol N. Medico-legal aspects of vertical root fractures in root filled teeth. Int Endod J. 2012;45(1):7–11.
57. Barkhordar RA, Kempler D, Knapp J.Mesiodistal root fracture. Three case reports. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1988;65(3):343–8.
58. Hoen MM, Downs RH, LaBounty GL, Nespeca JA. Osteomyelitis of the maxilla with associated vertical root fracture and Pseudomonas infection. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1988;66(4):494–8.
59. Nicopoulou-Karayianni K, Bragger U, Lang NP. Patterns of periodontal destruction associated with incomplete root fractures. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 1997;26(6):321–6.
60. Gao YJ, Yin XM, Wu HJ. Relationship between vertical root fracture and the habits of chewing betel nut. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2001;26(2):161–2.
61. Matusow RJ. Resolution of fused vertical molar root bridge abutment fracture: report of case. J Am Dent Assoc. 1988;116(6):658–60.
62. Huang J-S. Vertical root fracture. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1993;76(1):129–30.
63. Zou X, Liu D, Yue L, Wu M. The ability of cone-beam computerized tomography to detect vertical root fractures in endodontically treated and nonendodontically treated teeth: A report of 3 cases. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology. 2011;111(6):797–801.
64. Thomas G. The diagnosis and treatment of the cracked tooth syndrome . Aust Prosthodont J. 1989;3:63–7.
65. Quieroz Freitas P, Santos Rabelo Jr PM, Coelho Alves CM, Carvaho Souza S de F. The diagnostic challenge of vertical root fracture in endodontically treated teeth A case report. Rev Odonto Cienc. 2012;27(1):82–6.
66. Chen Q, Zhang X. The value of cone beam computed tomography in detecting suspicious vertical root fractures of molars on periapical radiographs. Chinese J Stomatol. 2014;49(9):513–6.
67. Hannig C, Dullin C, Hülsmann M, Heidrich G. Three-dimensional, non-destructive visualization of vertical root fractures using flat panel volume detector computer tomography: An ex vivo in vitro case report. Int Endod J. 2005;38(12):904– 13.
68. Llena-Puy MAC, Forner-Navarro L, Barbero-Navarro I. Vertical root fracture in endodontically treated teeth: A review of 25 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;92(5):553–5.
69. Chan CP, Lin CP, Tseng SC, Jeng JH. Vertical root fracture in endodontically versus nonendodontically treated teeth: a survey of 315 cases in Chinese patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;87(4):504–7.
70. Yang SF, Rivera EM, Walton RE. Vertical root fracture in nonendodontically treated teeth. J Endod. 1995;21(6):337–9.
71. Haueisen H, Gärtner K, Kaiser L, Trohorsch D, Heidemann D. Vertical root fracture: prevalence, etiology, and diagnosis. Quintessence Int. 2013;44(7):467–74.
72. Rajan RM, Kandasamy D, Kumar PS. Vertical tooth fracture: reunion with a miniature lag screw. N Y State Dent J. 2009;75(4):44–6.
73. TÜRP JC, GOBETTI JP. The Cracked Tooth Syndrome: an Elusive Diagnosis. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996;127(10):1502–7.
74. Banerji S, Mehta SB, Millar BJ. Cracked tooth syndrome. Part 1: aetiology and diagnosis. Br Dent J. 2010;208(10):459–63.
75. Geurtsen W, Schwarze T, Günay H. Diagnosis, therapy, and prevention of the cracked tooth syndrome. Quintessence Int. 2003;34(6):409–17.
76. Greenhalgh T, Peacock R. Effectiveness and efficiency of search methods in systematic reviews of complex evidence: audit of primary sources. BMJ. 2005;331(7524):1064–5.
77. Suebnukarn S, Ngamboonsirisingh S, Rattanabanlang A. A Systematic Evaluation of the Quality of Meta-analyses in Endodontics. J Endod. 2010;36(4):602–8.
78. Whiting P, Westwood M, Burke M, Sterne J, Glanville J. Systematic reviews of test accuracy should search a range of databases to identify primary studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(4).
79. Mileman PA, Van Den Hout WB. Evidencebased diagnosis and clinical decision making. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol. 2009;38(1):1–10.
80. Touré B, Faye B, Kane AW, Lo CM, Niang B, Boucher Y. Analysis of reasons for extraction of endodontically treated teeth: A prospective study. J Endod. 2011;37(11):1512–5.
81. Liao W-C, Tsai Y-L, Wang C-Y, Chang M-C, Huang W-L, Lin H-J, et al. Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics of Vertical Root Fractures in Endodontically and
Nonendodontically Treated Teeth. J Endod. 2017;1–7.
82. Pedullà E, Genovesi F, Rapisarda S, La Rosa GRM, Grande NM, Plotino G, et al. Effects of 6 Single-File Systems on Dentinal Crack Formation. J Endod. 2017;43(3):456–61.
83. Bier CAS, Shemesh H, Tanomaru-Filho M, Wesselink PR, Wu MK. The Ability of Different Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments To Induce Dentinal Damage During Canal Preparation. J Endod. 2009;35(2):236–8.
84. Reeh ES, Messer HH, Douglas WH. Reduction in tooth stiffness as a result of endodontic and restorative procedures. J Endod. 1989;15(11):512–6.
85. Kansal R, Rajput A, Talwar S, Roongta R, Verma M. Assessment of dentinal damage during canal preparation using reciprocating and rotary files. J Endod. 2014;40(9):1443–6.
86. Shemesh H, Roeleveld AC, Wesselink PR, Wu MK. Damage to root dentin during retreatment procedures. J Endod. 2011;37(1):63–6.
87. Dane A, Capar ID, Arslan H, Akçay M, Uysal B. Effect of Different Torque Settings on Crack Formation in Root Dentin. J Endod. 2016;42(2):304–6.
88. Gergi RM, Osta NE, Naaman AS. Dentinal crack formation during root canal preparations by the twisted file adaptive, Reciproc and WaveOne instruments. Eur J Dent. 2015;9(4):508–12.
89. Zhou X, Jiang S, Wang X, Wang S, Zhu X, Zhang C. Comparison of dentinal and apical crack formation caused by four different nickeltitanium rotary and reciprocating systems in large and small canals. Dent Mater J. 2015;34(6):903–9.
90. de Oliveira BP, Câmara AC, Duarte DA, Heck RJ, Antonino ACD, Aguiar CM. Micro– computed Tomographic Analysis of Apical Microcracks before and after Root Canal Preparation by Hand, Rotary, and Reciprocating Instruments at Different Working Lengths. J Endod. 2017;1–5.
91. Perez F, Rouqueyrol-Pourcel N. Effect of a lowconcentration EDTA solution on root canal walls: A scanning electron microscopic study. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontology. 2005;99(3):383–7.
92. Mai S, Kim YK, Arola DD, Gu L sha, Kim JR, Pashley DH, et al. Differential aggressiveness of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid in causing canal wall erosion in the presence of sodium hypochlorite. J Dent. 2010;38(3):201–6.
93. Simezo AP, da Silveira Bueno CE, Cunha RS, Pelegrine RA, Rocha DGP, de Martin AS, et al. Comparative Analysis of Dentinal Erosion after
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation versus Irrigation with Reciprocating Activation: An Environmental Scanning Electron Study. J Endod. 2016;43(1):141–6.
94. Marending M, Paqué F, Fischer J, Zehnder M. Impact of Irrigant Sequence on Mechanical Properties of Human Root Dentin. J Endod. 2007;33(11):1325–8.
95. Zhang K, Kim YK, Cadenaro M, Bryan TE, Sidow SJ, Loushine RJ, et al. Effects of Different Exposure Times and Concentrations of Sodium
Hypochlorite/Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on the Structural Integrity of Mineralized Dentin. J Endod. 2010;36(1):105–9.
96. Uzunoglu E, Aktemur S, Uyanik MO, Durmaz V, Nagas E. Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on root fracture with respect to concentration at different time exposures. J Endod. 2012;38(8):1110–3.
97. Madarati AA, Qualtrough AJE, Watts DC. Vertical fracture resistance of roots after ultrasonic removal of fractured instruments. Int Endod J. 2010;43(5):424–9.
98. Soares P V., Santos-Filho PCF, Queiroz EC, Araújo TC, Campos RE, Araújo CA, et al. Fracture resistance and stress distribution in endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with composite resin. J Prosthodont. 2008;17(2):114–9.
99. Awawdeh L, Hemaidat K, Al-Omari W. Higher Maximal Occlusal Bite Force in Endodontically Treated Teeth Versus Vital Contralateral Counterparts. J Endod. 2017;1–5.
100. Barani A, Bush MB, Lawn BR. Role of multiple cusps in tooth fracture. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2014;35:85–92.
101. Lawn BR, Bush MB, Barani A, Constantino PJ, Wroe S. Inferring biological evolution from fracture patterns in teeth. J Theor Biol. 2013;338:59–65.
102. Chai H. On crack growth in molar teeth from contact on the inclined occlusal surface. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2015;44:76–84.
103. Safari A, Jowkar Z, Farzin M. Evaluation of the relationship between bruxism and premature occlusal contacts. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2013;14(4):616–21.
104. Ehrmann EH, Tyas MJ. Cracked tooth syndrome: diagnosis, treatment and correlation between symptoms and post-extraction findings. Aust Dent J. 1990;35(2):105–12.
105. Signore A, Benedicenti S, Covani U, Ravera G. A 4- to 6-year retrospective clinical study of cracked teeth restored with bonded indirect resin
composite onlays. Int J Prosthodont. 2007;20(6):609–16.
106. Quintessence S, May I, Issue V. Restoration of a cracked tooth with a bonded amalgam . 2017;22(5):38714089.
107. Griffin JD. Efficient, conservative treatment of symptomatic cracked teeth. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2006;27(2):93-102, 112.
108. Homewood CI. Cracked tooth syndrome-incidence, clinical findings and treatment. Aust Dent J. 1998;43(4):217–22.
109. Liu HH, Sidhu SK. Cracked Teeth — Treatment Rationale and Case Management: Case Reports. Quintessence Int Oper Dent. 1995;26(7):485–92.
110. Chai H, Tamse A. Fracture mechanics analysis of vertical root fracture from condensation of gutta-percha. J Biomech. 2012;45(9):1673–8.
111. Takeuchi N, Yamamoto T, Tomofuji T, Murakami C. A retrospective study on the prognosis of teeth with root fracture in patients during the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. Dent Traumatol. 2009;25(3):332–7.
112. Dutra KL, Pachêco-Pereira C, Bortoluzzi EA, Flores-Mir C, Lagravère MO, Corrêa M. Influence of Intracanal Materials in Vertical Root Fracture Pathway Detection with Conebeam Computed Tomography. J Endod. 2017;1–6.
113. de Oliveira BP, Câmara AC, Duarte DA, Gomes ASL, Heck RJ, Antonino ACD, et al. Detection of Apical Root Cracks Using Spectral Domain and Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography. J Endod. 2017;1–4.